Oda Nobutada (1557 – June 21, 1582) was a samurai and the eldest son of Oda Nobunaga, known for his active role in several battles during Japan's Sengoku period. He led armies under his father's command in campaigns against Matsunaga Hisahide and the Takeda clan.
Born around 1557 in Owari Province, Nobutada was the eldest son of Nobunaga (although there are theories about an older brother, Oda Nobumasa). His nanny was Jotoku-In, the daughter of Takigawa Kazumasu, a senior vassal of Nobunaga. There is also speculation that Nobutada was adopted by Nohime, Nobunaga’s wife. His childhood name was Kimyo-Maru, which means "strange" in Japanese. He initially took the name Oda Kankuro Nobushige before later changing it to Nobutada.
During the Eiroku era, the Oda clan formed an alliance with the Takeda clan through a marriage agreement between Nobutada and Matsuhime, the sixth daughter of Takeda Shingen. This strengthened the connection between the Oda and Takeda families. However, after Takeda Shingen began attacking Tokugawa Ieyasu’s lands, an ally of Oda, the alliance deteriorated. The engagement was eventually canceled following Shingen's death, contributing to the collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate in 1573.
Nobutada served Nobunaga in various battles, including the Ishiyama Hongan-ji War, the Siege of Iwamura Castle in 1574, and the attack on Ise Nagashima. In 1577, he achieved a significant victory by defeating Matsunaga Hisahide in the Siege of Shigisan. He also led the Siege of Takato in 1582, defeating Nishina Morinobu, a commander of the Takeda clan.
At the Battle of Nagashino in 1575, Nobutada began his career as a supreme commander, leading forces in various battles against the Takeda. His military successes earned him increasing responsibilities. Nobunaga entrusted Nobutada with controlling parts of eastern Mino and Owari provinces, and he became more prominent within the Oda clan’s hierarchy, receiving prestigious ranks and titles.
In 1582, Nobutada led a large force of 50,000 troops in the conquest of Kai Province, where he captured key Takeda strongholds such as Takato Castle. His rapid advance forced Takeda Katsuyori to retreat and ultimately commit seppuku, marking the end of the Takeda clan. After this victory, Nobunaga praised Nobutada and gifted him a sword, signaling Nobutada’s role as his intended successor.
However, in June 1582, Nobutada's fate took a tragic turn when Akechi Mitsuhide, one of Nobunaga's generals, launched a surprise attack on Nobunaga at Honno-ji in Kyoto. While Nobunaga was forced to commit suicide, Nobutada, staying nearby, was also attacked by Akechi’s forces and followed his father in committing seppuku.
See also
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Tachibana Dosetsu
Tachibana Dōsetsu is the name by which Hetsugi Akitsura is more widely known; the name of this lineage is also found read as Hekki or Bekki. For a long period, Akitsura served the Ōtomo clan, the daimyō of Bungo Province, and took part in wars against the Ōuchi family, the principal enemies of the Ōtomo in northwestern Kyushu. In the 1560s, Akitsura seized the castle of the Tachibana clan, which had rebelled against the Ōtomo, and thereafter adopted the surname Tachibana. Around the same time, he took Buddhist vows and assumed the name Dōsetsu, which means “Snowy Road.”
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Taira no Masakado
Taira no Masakado embodied the quintessential samurai of his era—self-assured, harsh, and unyielding. In his youth, he served in the palace guard and repeatedly proved his bravery while suppressing unrest. Thanks to these achievements, Masakado sought the post of chief of the capital’s military-police office (the kebiishi-chō), but he was rejected: by that time, nearly all court positions—now little more than privileged sinecures—were controlled by members of the powerful Fujiwara clan.
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Sakakibara Yasumasa
Yasumasa was the second son of Sakakibara Nagamasa and was born in Ueno in Mikawa Province. From a young age, he began serving Tokugawa Ieyasu and eventually rose to the position of one of his most trusted generals. His wife was the daughter of Osuga Yasutaka. Ieyasu first noticed the young Yasumasa during the suppression of the Ikkō-ikki uprising in Mikawa in 1564. Thanks to his demonstrated abilities, Yasumasa was granted the privilege of using the character “yasu”—the second character of Ieyasu’s own name—in his own. Although he was the second child in his family, he became his father’s heir, though the exact reasons for this remain unknown.
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Sakai Tadatsugu
Tadatsugu was one of the most renowned generals serving Tokugawa Ieyasu. After Ieyasu broke ties with the Imagawa clan, Tadatsugu—an ardent supporter of this decision—was granted command of Yoshida Castle in 1565, which controlled the coastal road from Tōtomi to Mikawa. During the Battle of Mikatagahara in 1573, he held the right flank of the Tokugawa forces even when the troops sent by Oda fled under the assault of the Takeda army. In the Battle of Nagashino in 1575, he personally requested permission to carry out a night attack on the Takeda camp, which he executed brilliantly together with Kanamori Nagachika.
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Ryuzoji Takanobu
Takanobu was the eldest son of Ryūzōji Takaie and the great-grandson of Ryūzōji Iekane. His father was killed by a man named Baba Yoritiku in 1544. At a young age, Takanobu took Buddhist vows and received the monastic name Engetsu. However, around the age of eighteen, he returned to secular life, and in 1548, after the death of Ryūzōji Tanehide, he became the head of both branches of the Ryūzōji family.
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Ouchi Yoshihiro
Ōuchi Yoshihiro was the second son of Ōuchi Hiroyo, who headed the Ōuchi clan in the western part of Honshu. In 1363, Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu confirmed the Ōuchi family in the position of shugo of Suō and Nagato Provinces. In his youth, Yoshihiro assisted his father in strengthening the influence of the Northern Court on the island of Kyushu — they served under Imagawa Ryōsun, who had been tasked with subjugating the nine provinces of Kyushu.
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Ouchi Yoshioki
Ouchi Yoshioki, the ruler of the provinces of Suo, Nagato, and Iwami, was one of the most capable military commanders and politicians of the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The son of Ouchi Masahiro, he governed from his residence in Yamaguchi in the province of Suo. In 1499, Yoshioki gave refuge to Shogun Ashikaga Yoshitane, who had been driven out of Kyoto by Hosokawa Masamoto. Shogun Yoshizumi, Masamoto’s protégé, ordered the lords of Kyushu to unite their forces against Yoshioki; however, they did not dare to do so, fearing the power of a man who by that time controlled six provinces. Having gathered a substantial army, Yoshioki marched from his native Suo toward Kyoto in order to restore Shogun Yoshitane to power.
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Otomo Sorin
Ōtomo Yoshishige came from a noble lineage, being the eldest son of Ōtomo Yoshiaki, the ruler of Funai Province. The roots of the Ōtomo family traced back to Fujiwara Hidesato, the adopted son of Nakahara Chikayoshi. Fujiwara served Minamoto Yoritomo during the Genpei War and took part in battles in Mutsu Province in 1189. In 1193, he was appointed shugo of Buzen and Bungo Provinces, after which he adopted a new surname—Ōtomo.
