Sumimoto came from the Hosokawa clan: he was the biological son of Hosokawa Yoshiharu and at the same time the adopted son of Hosokawa Masamoto, the heir of Hosokawa Katsumoto, one of the principal instigators of the Ōnin War. Masamoto was homosexual, never married, and had no children of his own. At first he adopted Sumiyuki, a scion of the aristocratic Kujō family, but this choice provoked dissatisfaction and sharp criticism from the senior vassals of the Hosokawa house. As a result, Masamoto changed his decision and proclaimed Sumimoto as his heir, a representative of a collateral branch of the Hosokawa clan that had long been based in Awa Province on the island of Shikoku. Almost immediately after this, the boy became entangled in a complex and bitter web of political intrigue.
In 1504, Masamoto’s vassal Yakushiji Motoichi rose in rebellion, hoping to depose Masamoto and replace him with Sumimoto. The uprising failed: Masamoto’s troops defeated Yakushiji’s forces in Kyoto and, as a warning, took 114 heads. In 1506, another Hosokawa vassal, Miyoshi Yukinaga, also marched on Kyoto, claiming to act in Sumimoto’s name, but he too was defeated in street fighting in the capital. Having survived two attempts to overthrow him, Masamoto nevertheless fell victim to a third: while he was bathing, Hosokawa Sumiyuki, Kozai Motonaga, and their followers suddenly attacked him and cut off his head. This occurred in 1507. After Masamoto’s death, in the seventh month of that same year, Sumiyuki was appointed head of the Hosokawa clan and kanrei. His rule, however, proved extremely short-lived: about six weeks later, in the eighth month of 1507, the same Miyoshi Yukinaga raised troops in Settsu Province and attacked Sumiyuki in the name of Sumimoto. Sumiyuki committed suicide, and Sumimoto became the new head of the Hosokawa clan.
Still a teenager, Sumimoto was granted the title of kanrei and inherited all of the Hosokawa holdings on the island of Shikoku. Nevertheless, he continued to face powerful enemies. Hosokawa Takakuni, the third son of Hosokawa Masamoto, fled together with the shogun Ashikaga Yoshitane to Suō Province, where he sought the patronage of Ōuchi Yoshioki. In 1508, Yoshioki assembled a large army and marched east toward Kyoto. Sumimoto planned to confront him in Settsu Province, but Yoshioki’s forces were so numerous and strong that Sumimoto did not dare to engage them and instead withdrew, fleeing to Awa Province together with Miyoshi Yukinaga. As a result, his first tenure in power lasted only a little more than nine months.
In the seventh month of 1508, the positions of kanrei and head of the clan were taken over by Takakuni, who retained this authority until his death in 1527. Sumimoto returned to Kyoto in 1511, relying on the military support of his relative Hosokawa Masakata, but he was defeated by Ōuchi Yoshioki at the Battle of Funaokayama and once again fled to Shikoku. In 1519, after Yoshioki left the capital, Sumimoto made another attempt to seize Kyoto and hold it, but he was defeated by the combined forces of Hosokawa Takakuni and Rokkaku Sadayori. After this, he returned to his domains on the island of Shikoku, where he died the following year.
See also
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Yamagata Masakage
Masakage was one of Takeda Shingen’s most loyal and capable commanders. He was included in the famous list of the “Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen” and also belonged to the inner circle of four especially trusted warlords known as the Shitennō.
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Yagyu Munenori
Yagyū Munenori began his service under Tokugawa Ieyasu while his father, Yagyū Muneyoshi, was still at his side. In 1600, Munenori took part in the decisive Battle of Sekigahara. As early as 1601, he was appointed a kenjutsu instructor to Tokugawa Hidetada, Ieyasu’s son, who later became the second shogun of the Tokugawa clan.
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Yagyu Muneyoshi
A samurai from Yamato Province, he was born into a family that had been defeated in its struggle against the Tsutsui clan. Muneyoshi first took part in battle at the age of sixteen. Due to circumstances beyond his control, he was forced to enter the service of the Tsutsui house and later served Miyoshi Tōkei. He subsequently came under the command of Matsunaga Hisahide and in time became a vassal first of Oda and later of Toyotomi.
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Endo Naozune
Naozune served under Azai Nagamasa and was one of the clan’s leading vassals, renowned for his bravery and determination. He accompanied Nagamasa during his first meeting with Oda Nobunaga and at that time asked for permission to kill Nobunaga, fearing him as an extremely dangerous man; however, Nagamasa did not grant this request.
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Honda Masanobu
Masanobu initially belonged to the retinue of Tokugawa Ieyasu, but later entered the service of Sakai Shōgen, a daimyo and priest from Ueno. This shift automatically made him an enemy of Ieyasu, who was engaged in conflict with the Ikkō-ikki movement in Mikawa Province. After the Ikkō-ikki were defeated in 1564, Masanobu was forced to flee, but in time he returned and once again entered Ieyasu’s service. He did not gain fame as a military commander due to a wound sustained in his youth; nevertheless, over the following fifty years he consistently remained loyal to Ieyasu.
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Honda Masazumi
Masazumi was the eldest son of Honda Masanobu. From a young age, he served Tokugawa Ieyasu alongside his father, taking part in the affairs of the Tokugawa house and gradually gaining experience in both military and administrative matters. At the decisive Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Masazumi was part of the core Tokugawa forces, a clear sign of the high level of trust Ieyasu placed in him. After the campaign ended, he was given a highly sensitive assignment—serving in the guard of the defeated Ishida Mitsunari, one of Tokugawa’s principal enemies—an obligation that required exceptional reliability and caution.
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Hojo Shigetoki
Hōjō Shigetoki, the third son of Hōjō Yoshitoki, was still very young—only five years old—when his grandfather Tokimasa became the first member of the Hōjō clan to assume the position of shogunal regent.
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Hojo Masako
Masako was one of the most influential and powerful political figures of the era of military rule in Japan. She was the daughter of Hōjō Tokimasa and the wife of Minamoto no Yoritomo.
